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Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer caused by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. The primary environmental risk factor for melanoma is excessive, unprotected, and repeated exposure to UV radiation.

Although mortality rates have declined, global incidence has risen sharply over the past 50 years. Melanoma is rare before puberty but is most commonly diagnosed in individuals aged 30 to 60 years, particularly in higher socioeconomic groups.

In Italy, melanoma is the third most common cancer in individuals under 50, with an estimated 12,700 new cases in 2023 (7,000 in men and 5,700 in women).

Yes, altitude and the presence of snow significantly increase sun exposure risks and the intensity of UV radiation.

The increase in UVA radiation at higher altitudes occurs due to the reduction in atmospheric density as elevation rises. The higher you go, the less atmosphere there is to filter UV rays, meaning that UVA radiation reaches the Earth’s surface with greater intensity.

While the exact increase may vary, it is generally estimated that for every 300-metre rise in altitude, UVA radiation intensity increases by approximately 4-5%. This means that at higher elevations, UVA exposure is significantly greater than at lower altitudes.

Protecting yourself from UV radiation is essential to safeguard your health and prevent short- and long-term damage.

The most effective methods include:
- Wearing protective clothing, including UV-resistant fabrics, especially during outdoor activities.
- Using sunscreens containing UV filters.

According to EU Regulation No. 1223/2009 on cosmetic products, UV filters are substances intended primarily to protect the skin from UV radiation through absorption, reflection, or dispersion.

Sunscreen should be reapplied consistently, typically every two hours.